Dr. William J. Perry, former Secretary of Defense from February 1994 to January 1997, is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. He previously served as Deputy Secretary of Defense (1993-1994) and Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (1977-1981). From 1946 to 1947, Sec. Perry was an enlisted man in the Army Corps of Engineers and served in the Army of Occupation in Japan. He joined the Reserve Officer Training Corps in 1948 and was a second lieutenant in the army reserves from 1950 to 1955. Sec. Perry is co-director of the Preventive Defense Project, a research collaboration of Stanford and Harvard Universities. His previous academic experience includes professor (halftime) at Stanford from 1988 to 1993, when he was the codirector of the Center for International Security and Arms Control. He also served as a part-time lecturer in the Department of Mathematics at Santa Clara University from 1971 to 1977. In the private sector, Sec. Perry served as a laboratory director for General Telephone and Electronics (1954-64). He founded and was president of ESL (1964-77); executive vice-president of Hambrecht & Quist (1981-85); and chairman of Technology Strategies and Alliances (1985-93). He currently serves on the board of directors of Anteon International Corporation and several emerging high-tech companies and is chairman of Global Technology Partners. Secretary Perry has received numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1997), the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal (1980 and again in 1981), and Outstanding Civilian Service Medals from the army (1962 and 1997), the air force (1997), the navy (1997), the Defense Intelligence Agency (1977 and 1997), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1981), and the Coast Guard (1997). He received the American Electronic Association's Medal of Achievement (1980), the Eisenhower Award (1996), the Marshall Award (1997), the Forrestal Medal (1994), and the Henry Stimson Medal (1994). The National Academy of Engineering selected him for the Arthur Bueche Medal (1996). He has been honored with awards from the enlisted personnel of the army, navy, and air force. Perry has received decorations from the governments of Germany, England, France, Korea, Albania, Poland, Ukraine, Bahrain, Slovenia, Hungary, and Japan.